The creation of clever machines, particularly intelligent computer programmes, is the science and engineering of artificial intelligence, according to John McCarthy, the field's founder. Artificial intelligence is a technique for teaching a computer, a robot that is controlled by a computer, or a piece of software to think critically, much like an intelligent person might. It is possible to create intelligent software and systems by first studying how the human brain works, as well as how people learn, make decisions, and collaborate when attempting to solve a problem.
To understand what artificial intelligence is, we must first understand what intelligence is.
Intelligence refers the ability of calculations, reasoning , find similarities and connections, learn from experience, store and retrieve information from memory, solve problems, comprehend difficult concepts, talk clearly in plain language, categorise situations, and generalise.
We can refer to a machine or system as Artificially Intelligent if it possesses most or all of these intelligences.
The
intelligence is intangible. It is composed of:
1.
Reasoning
2.
Learning
3. Problem Solving
4.
Perception
5.
Linguistic Intelligence
1. Reasoning is the collection of cognitive processes that enables us to make judgements, decisions, and predictions. There are essentially 2 types.
Inductive reasoning: It makes generalisations based on detailed observations. Inductive reasoning allows for the possibility of the conclusion being untrue even though all of the premises are true. "Yeliz is a teacher," for instance. All teachers are studious. Therefore, Yeliz is studious.”
Deductive reasoning: This method begins with a general assertion and considers all potential outcomes before coming to a clear, logical conclusion. If something is true in general for a class of things, it is also true for every individual member of that class. Example: "Grandmothers are all ladies over the age of 60. Sivani is 65 years old therefor Sivani is Grandmother.
2. Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through study, practise, instruction, or direct experience. Learning increases knowledge of the study topics. Humans, some animals, and systems using AI are all capable of learning. Learning can be divided into:
Learning by listening and hearing is known as auditory learning. Students could listen to lectures that have been recorded as audio.
Learning through episodic recollection of situations that one has seen or experienced This is logical and systematic.
Motor Learning: Muscles are precisely moved to learn. Picking up objects, writing, etc. are a few examples.
Observational learning is the process of learning through observing and copying others. A child might try to learn by imitating her parent, for instance.
Perceptual learning: This is the process of learning to identify stimuli that have already been observed. Identifying and categorising things and circumstances, for instance.
Relational learning: This type of learning entails learning to distinguish between distinct stimuli based on relational characteristics rather than absolute characteristics. For instance, while cooking potatoes that were salty the prior time when you added, say, a tablespoon of salt, use "a bit less" salt this time.
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